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The education system in New Zealand is a three-tier model which includes primary schools, followed by secondary schools (high schools) and tertiary education at universities and/or polytechnics. The academic year in New Zealand varies between institutions, but generally runs from late January until mid-December for primary schools, secondary schools, and polytechnics, and from late February until mid-November for universities. In 2009, the Programme for International Student Assessment, published by the OECD, ranked New Zealand 7th best at science and reading in the world, and 13th in maths.〔()〕 The Education Index, published as part of the UN's Human Development Index consistently ranks New Zealand among the highest in the world. ==History== (詳細はMāori ran schools to pass on tradition knowledge including songs, chants, tribal history, spiritual understanding and knowledge of medicinal plants. These ''wānanga'' were usually run by elders called tohunga, respected for their tribal knowledge and teaching was confined to the rangatira (chiefly) class. Reading and writing were unknown, but wood carving was well developed.〔("http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/maori-education-matauranga/page-1" ), Te Ara〕〔("The Whare Wananga" ), Elsdon Best, via NZETC〕 Formal European-style schooling was first introduced in 1815 and was well established in 1832 by the London Missionary Society missionaries, who learnt Māori and built the first schools in the Bay of Islands. Both children and adults were taught. The main resources were the Christian New Testament and slates, and teaching was in Māori. For many years the bible was the only literature used in teaching, and this became a major factor in how Māori viewed the European world. In the 1850s a Māori trade school was established at Te Awamutu by John Gorst to teach Māori practical skills associated with European-style farming,〔("John Gorst at Te Awamutu" ), "The Old Frontier", James Cowan, via NZETC〕 but in 1863 was burnt down by Rewi Maniapoto in the early stages of New Zealand Wars.〔The Road to War 1860-64.Monogram 16. Whakatane Historical Society〕 In 1853 missionaries Mr and Mrs Ashwell had been running a school for 50 Māori girls for 3 years at Taupiri in the Waikato, teaching arithmetic and reading. By 1860, 75% of Māori could read in Māori and 33% could write in Māori.〔("Mission schools and the arrival of literacy" ), Te Ara〕 Teaching by missionaries and in Native schools was in Māori between 1815 and 1900. The Young Māori Party MPs, especially Sir Maui Pomare and Ngata, advocated the teaching of Māori children using English, as well as teaching hygiene to lower the Māori sickness and death rates. Pomare was knighted after WW1 for his work in improving Māori learning and integration into New Zealand society. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Education in New Zealand」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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